Abstract

AGUIRRE, Miguel A  and  GRUPO DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA MERIDA (ENDO-MER) et al. Diagnóstico y manejo de la hiperprolactinemia. Rev. Venez. Endocrinol. Metab. [online]. 2013, vol.11, n.1, pp.26-38. ISSN 1690-3110.

Prolactin is a proteic hormone which is synthetized and secreted by the anterior hypophysis. This hormone has a broad spectrum of biological actions, but its main fuction is to stimulate mammary glands to induce milk production. Hyperprolactinemia is a hypohysis disorder which is frequently observed in the clinical practice. There are physiologic and pathologic conditions associated with the elevated production of PRL. The most common causes for pathological conditions include defects in the gland, alterations in the hypophysis/ hypothalamus conections and systemic disorders which precipitate elevated levels of serum PRL. The most frequent cause of non-tumoral hyperprolactinemia is due to medication side effects, specially antipsychotics and neuroleptic drugs. Galactorrhea and dysfunction of the reproductive axis are the main clinical markers of non- physiologic hyperprolactinemia, yet most patients may be asymtomatic. According to the cause and the clinical consequences some patients will require treatment for hyperprolactinemia. The triggering conditions, such as age, gender, and reproductive stage, must be taken into account when treatment is being considered. The present article, based on levels of scientific evidence and clinical experience in the Unit of Endocrinology, IAHULA, describes the diagnostic and therapeutic approach needed to handle such cases.

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