Resumen

HERNANDEZ SANDOVAL, Gustavo et al. Visceral adiposity, pathogenesis and measurement. Rev. Venez. Endocrinol. Metab. [online]. 2017, vol.15, n.2, pp.70-77. ISSN 1690-3110.

The recognition of adipose tissue as a highly complex endocrine organ, capable of secreting a series of biomolecules known as adipocytokines (or adipokines) with an impact on various processes such as regulation of hunger and satiety mechanisms (and therefore energy balance), insulin sensitivity, immune response, lipid metabolism, among others, place in adipose tissue a leading role in the genesis of the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity. The dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue, a phenomenon known as adiposopathy, has been the main culprit. Among the proposed mechanisms of adipocyte dysfunction are: alteration in adipogenesis that limits the capacity of the subcutaneous adipose tissue to expand, favoring the hypertrophy of visceral deposits with subsequent expression of its proinflammatory potential, hypoxia due to limited angiogenesis and intraorganellar accumulation of intermediate products of lipid metabolism (lipotoxicity), with the consequent resistance to insulin and its deleterious effects. In this article we review the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, as well as the direct and indirect methods of measurement of the different visceral fat deposits, with special emphasis on those that are easier to apply in daily clinical practice.

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