Abstract

NIEVES, Anirt et al. Standardization of ELISA technique for the immunological diagnosis of human toxocariasis. Bol Mal Salud Amb [online]. 2012, vol.52, n.1, pp.21-32. ISSN 1690-4648.

The toxocariasis or visceral larva migrans syndrome is caused by a nematode of the genus Toxocara, a parasite of domestic animals (dogs and cats). Man is an accidental host, by oral contamination with embryonated eggs of the parasite. The larvae invade the intestinal wall and are transported to the viscera, muscle or eyeball, where they are attacked by a granulomatous reaction of the host. The diagnosis of the disease is complicated by nonspecific symptoms and the larvae can only be demonstrated by biopsy which is an invasive method. Immunological methods are an alternative. The objective of this study was standardizing an immunological technique for the determination of anti-T. canis antibodies for diagnosis of human Toxocariasis. We identified by optical and electron microscopy, adult worms expelled by infected pups and we obtained eggs, which became embryos that released the larvae. These were maintained in culture. Excretion/secretion antigens (E/S) were purified from the culture. Subsequently, we standardized reaction conditions of the ELISA technique, obtaining as optimal concentrations 2 mg/mL of antigen, serum dilution and conjugate 1/400 and 1/20000 respectively. With the standard technique we evaluated 17 serum samples from patients with confirmed Toxocariasis, 50 patients with other helminth infections and 40 healthy individuals. The diagnostic indexes were sensitivity 100%, specificity 99%, 94% positive predictive value and negative predictive value 100%. The diagnostic indexes obtained show that the ELISA using excretion/secretion antigen of the parasite is suitable for immunodiagnosis of human Toxocariasis.

Keywords : Toxocariasis; ELISA; Toxocara canis; Immunodiagnosis; Excreted/Secreted antigen.