Resumen

CORREIA, Angelina  y  MARCANO, Lily. Presence and elimination of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater treatment plants: Worldwide review and national perspective. Bol Mal Salud Amb [online]. 2015, vol.55, n.1, pp.1-18. ISSN 1690-4648.

The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in water bodies and its potential ecotoxicological effects has turned into a world interest topic. After their ingestion and absorption in the organism, the medicaments are converted due to metabolic reactions, where a fraction of the active molecule and a mixture of metabolites, as unaltered or conjunct substances, are excreted and conducted to the wastewater systems and finally sent to the wastewater treatment plants. The objective of this work was to determine the average concentration of pharmaceutical compounds of human consumption in worldwide treatment plants, as well as their removal efficiency. To do this objective, it was reviewed 100 scientific publications for a total of 23 medicaments. The analgesics and not steroid anti-inflammatories represent the most studied pharmacological group, due to their ample use worldwide, with the highest average concentrations in the affluent streams of the treatment plants (between 1 and 96 μg/L) and removal percentages higher than 65 %, with the exception of the diclofenac, which showed values of 38%. The antibiotics showed average concentrations lower than 1μg/L in the effluent and variable removal efficiencies (42-76%), while the antibiotic erythromycin showed the lower efficiency (15%). The lowest average concentrations correspond to the hormones with higher removal rates (>78%), whereas the beta-blockers and lipids metabolism regulators showed lower detection frequencies. The carbamazepine takes special attention because showed very low removal efficiency (<10%) being the pharmaceutical compound most reported in wastewaters. This review allows the elaboration of a medicament list of environmental attention to establish the sampling plan of these substances in wastewaters on the country, which will become into an emergent investigation area in Venezuela.

Palabras clave : preparaciones farmacéuticas; tratamiento de aguas residuales; remoción; Pharmaceutical preparations; wastewater treatment; removal.

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