Resumen

GUTIERREZ-SALDIVIA, Ximena; RIVERA-GUTIERREZ, Catalina; HENRIQUEZ-ALVEAR, Luis  y  NEVEU, Romina Melivilu. Assessment of Special Educational Needs in Chile: Diachronic Analysis of Education Policy (1975-2010). Areté [online]. 2023, vol.9, n.17, pp.127-145.  Epub 28-Jul-2023. ISSN 2443-4566.  https://doi.org/10.55560/arete.2023.17.9.6.

This paper aims to analyze the assessment of special educational needs (SEN) proposed by the Chilean education policy in the diachronic period of 1975-2010. The assessment proposed by special education is theoretically addressed from the social and medical model of disability. This research, with descriptive scopes, analyzes scientific and legal documents of the Chilean State. The search for documents was carried out on websites of the Library of National Congress of Chile and the Official Gazette of the Republic of Chile. The results reveal that SEN assessment pursues a diagnostic purpose promoted in the Chilean school system since 1975. Until now, SEN assessment is based on a medical model, being Decree 170 published in 2010, which perfected the diagnostic task of the school. This regulation proposes an assessment from a medical, psychological and positivist logic, using as a reference for the diagnosis of disabilities and disorders universal domains of development and skills from the dominant group, through the administration of standardized tests. We conclude on the diagnosis and classification system that regulates the assessment of SEN in Chile and lines of action and research to rethink the assessment of SEN in contexts of social and cultural diversity.

Palabras clave : Assessment; diagnosis; special educational needs; medical model.

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