Objective:

To determine the incidence of burnout syndrome in nursing personnel working in critical care units as a vulnerable population.

Method:

Qualitative, non-experimental, descriptive approach through bibliographic review of articles published in indexed journals during the last five years with explanatory scope.

Results:

Burned out staff without enthusiasm to work shows poor job performance. Prevention through relaxation therapies, active breaks and techniques applicable in daily and working life are fundamental. Timely evaluation of staff allows detecting situations that may cause the syndrome. Risk factors include work overload, long working hours, patient pressure, lack of supplies and hostile environment.

Conclusions:

Burnout syndrome can be prevented through evaluation of nursing staff to detect triggering situations. It is essential to implement care strategies, guidance programs and psychosocial support, promoting teamwork and improving work climate in critical care units.