Abstract

LOJAN CARRION, María del Cisne; SANCHO AGUILERA, David; ZAMBRANO SOLIS, María José  and  ROMERO LOPEZ, Jonathan Alexis. Effects of Malnutrition on the Cognitive Development of University Students in the Amazon. Revista Docentes 2.0 [online]. 2025, vol.18, n.1, pp.404-412.  Epub May 29, 2025. ISSN 2665-0266.  https://doi.org/10.37843/rted.v18i1.644.

Childhood malnutrition affects cognitive development and academic performance, particularly in the Amazon region of Ecuador, where limited access to nutritious food exacerbates this issue. This study analyzes the impact of malnutrition on cognitive functions and academic adaptation of university students at the Amazon State University. Through a non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional design, 100 students with and without a history of malnutrition were evaluated using cognitive tests (working memory, attention, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) and biomarker analysis (iron, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid). The results show that students with malnutrition exhibit significantly lower performance in all executive functions, higher levels of academic stress, and difficulties in time management and motivation. Nutritional deficiencies correlate with deficits in working memory and inhibitory control, affecting brain plasticity and academic adaptation. Implementing nutritional and psychological support programs is recommended to improve academic performance and future opportunities for these students.

Keywords : Malnutrition; cognitive development; academic performance; Amazonia.

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