Abstract

ROMANI PILLPE, Guillermo; MACEDO INCA, Keila Soledad  and  LENGUA SOTELO, María Ysabel. Criteria, diagnoses, and neuropsychological profile on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. Revista InveCom [online]. 2025, vol.5, n.4, e504035.  Epub June 12, 2025. ISSN 2739-0063.  https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14844994.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood that can persist into adulthood. It is characterized by difficulties in sustained attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Although its clinical manifestations are documented, the neurobiological mechanisms and diagnostic criteria are still the subject of debate. That is why this research focuses on conducting a narrative review on the current diagnostic criteria, the neuropsychological profile and the genetic and neurobiological bases of ADHD. Through a systematic search in specialized databases, terms such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Executive Function, Inhibition and Impulses were used. Studies highlight deficits in attention, impulse control, and working memory, associated with dysfunctions in the prefrontal cortex and frontostriatal circuits. This identifies neuropsychological differences between ADHD subtypes and possible genetic biomarkers that could guide personalized treatments. Tools such as the ENFEN make it possible to identify specific executive profiles, with key deficits in working memory and impulse control. Likewise, it is observed that the imbalance in the frontostriatal circuit is central to the pathophysiology of the disorder. These findings reinforce the need for a multidimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment, considering both neuropsychological features and advances in genetics and neurobiology to design more precise interventions.

Keywords : ADHD; Neuropsychology; Neurodevelopment.

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