Resumen

SALLO ACCOSTUPA, Victoria; ZUNIGA PENA, Lila Mia; TRUJILLO ROBLES, Patricia Liliam  y  MENDOZA CUZCANO, John Smith. Preventive management of childhood anemia in South America: A systematic review of policies, interventions, and challenges. Revista InveCom [online]. 2026, vol.6, n.1, e601059.  Epub 15-Jul-2025. ISSN 2739-0063.  https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15420829.

Anemia in early childhood constitutes a serious public health problem in South America, as it affects the cognitive, physical, and emotional development of children under five years of age. This study aimed to analyze the policies, strategies, and interventions implemented in the region to prevent childhood anemia. To do so, a qualitative methodology was used based on a systematic review of 29 articles published between 2020 and 2024, following the PRISMA protocol. The sources consulted included Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, EBSCO, and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria included studies in Spanish and English, targeting children and focusing on public health, nutritional supplementation, or governance. The results identified five main thematic axes: public health policies, nutritional supplementation strategies, social determinants, child health and nutrition, and interinstitutional governance. Colombia, Peru, Mexico, and Ecuador stood out for their contributions to the design and implementation of supplementation, nutrition education, and institutional strengthening programs. In conclusion, although significant progress has been made, the effectiveness of strategies depends on the integration of sustainable policies, community interventions, and multisectoral coordination. Reducing childhood anemia requires a structured response that combines biomedical prevention with social transformation.

Palabras clave : childhood anemia; public policies; preventive health.

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