Abstract

DOMINGUEZ ZUNIGA, Wilmer Mario et al. Social impact of hydraulic efficiency in irrigation systems: The case of the San Jacinto canal network. e-Rev. Multidiscip. Saber [online]. 2025, vol.3, e-RMS03102025.  Epub Oct 25, 2025. ISSN 2960-2467.  https://doi.org/10.61286/e-rms.v3i.278.

The San Jacinto Irrigation System, located in Guayas, Ecuador, addresses hydraulic efficiency as a key technical and social challenge for agricultural sustainability. Through a mixed methodology, the efficiencies of water conveyance, distribution, and application were evaluated using tools such as flow meters, double-ring infiltrometers, gravimetric soil moisture analysis, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Additionally, semi-structured interviews and document analysis were conducted to understand institutional limitations and community perceptions. The results reveal an average conveyance efficiency of 79.43%, distribution efficiency of 77.42%, and application efficiency of 54.96%, resulting in a total system efficiency of 70.59%. Percolation losses in unlined canals (51.50% of the network) and low equity in water distribution directly impact productivity and social cohesion. Disparities among communities were identified, with Luchadores de Balzar showing the highest cohesion and Buena Suerte the greatest dissatisfaction. Governance deficiencies, lack of updated plans, and limited female participation exacerbate the situation. It is concluded that the system exhibits moderate performance, with clear opportunities for improvement through the incorporation of GIS technologies, user training, and participatory strategies that strengthen community management and promote water equity. This comprehensive approach offers a replicable model for other irrigation systems in similar contexts.

Keywords : water resources management; irrigation systems; agricultural technology; rural development; community participation; environmental sustainability.

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